The development of human civilization, with the development of ways of delivery information (hereinafter known as the information technology), starting from the drawings that are not meaningful in the walls of the cave, laying a milestone in inscription form, until the introduction of the world information flow, known as the internet.
1. Prehistoric times
In this day and age, information and communication technologies are used by humans to function as a system for the introduction of the forms that humans know. To describe the information obtained, they describe it on the walls of the cave about hunting animals and hunting. During this period, people began to identify objects that exist in their neighborhood, then describe it on the wall of the cave. The beginning of their communication in this age range in the form of voice only grunts and using hand signals.In prehistoric times start created and used tools that generate sounds and gestures, such as drums, trumpets made from animal horns, and smoke signals as a means of warning against the dangers.
a. 3000 BC
For the first time, the writings used by the Sumerians using symbols formed from pictograph as a letter. Symbols or letters also have sound (mention of) are different so it is able to be words, sentences, and language.
b. 2900 BC
At 2900 BC, the people of Ancient Egypt using hieroglyphics. Hieroglyphs are symbols, where each expression is represented by a different symbol. If the symbols are combined into one series, it will produce a different meaning. The hieroglyphic form of writing and language is more advanced than the Sumerian nation.
c. 500 BC
In 500 BC, people already know how to make fibers from trees of papyrus that grows around the Nile. Papyrus fibers can be used as paper. Paper made from papyrus tree fiber into a medium for writing or media to deliver information that is more powerful and flexible than with a slab of clay which was formerly also used as a medium of information.
d. 105 M
During this time, the Chinese managed to find the paper. Paper invented by the Chinese in this period was the paper that we know today. This paper is made from bamboo fiber mashed, filtered, washed, then flattened and dried. This discovery also allows the printing system is done using wooden blocks acquired and greased by ink or we know today with a system of a cap.
Read more: History of Computer
2. Modern times (1400 Bc to present)
a. the year 1455
In 1455, the first time the Johann Gutenberg developed the printing press using the license plate letters made of iron and can fit snugly in a frame made of wood.
b. the year 1830
Augusta, Lady Byron wrote the first computer program in the world. He collaborated with Charles Babbage analytical engines that are designed so that it is capable of entering data, manipulate data, and generate output in the form of a card. This machine is known as the first digital computer, although how it works more mechanical than purely digital.
c. the year 1837
Samuel Morse develops the morse code and the telegraph together with Sir William Cook and Sir Charles Wheatstone. Morse uses simple codes to represent messages sent using want to pulse of electricity through a single cable. But the signals that can be sent with good only within 32 km. to a greater distance, the signals received are too weak to be recorded. Later, Morse building relay equipment stationed in every 32 km from the signal. The relay function to repeat signals received and sent it back to 32 km. The relay consists of a switch operated in electromagnetic. Soon telegraph system used for businesses that require sending messages rapidly to great distances, such as newspapers and messages for rail travel.
d. the year 1877
In 1877, Alexander Graham Bell invents and develop the first phones in General. In 1879, the phone calls began using the system number that replaces the name of the calling System. This prevents the operator does not know all of the customers. Telephone numbering system using letters and numbers, which the telephone number system using two letters and five digits.
e. the year 1889
In 1889, Herman Hollerith card perforation principle applying to do the calculation. His first task is to find a faster way to perform the calculation for the United States Census Bureau. The census conducted in 1880 took seven years to complete the calculation. With the growing population, the Census Bureau estimates that it takes ten years to complete the Census calculations.
Hollerith card perforation to enter census data which is then processed by the tool are mechanical. A card can store up to 80 variables. Using the tool, the results of the census can be completed within six weeks. Besides having advantages in the areas of speed, the card serves as a data storage medium. Error rate calculation can also be pressed to drastically.
f. the year 1931
In 1931, Vannevar Bush created a calculator to solve the equation differential. The machine can solve the equation differential complex during this complicated by presumed among the students. These machines are very large and heavy as hundreds of out and the shaft that is needed to perform calculations.
g. the year 1939
In 1939, Dr. John v. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry were assisted by managed to create the first digital electronic computer. From now on, the computer is constantly undergoing development so that it becomes increasingly sophisticated. About the history of the development of this computer will be explained in the next section.
h. Years 1973 – 1990
During this period, the term internet was introduced in a paper about TCP/IP. Literally, the internet (interconnected networking) is defined as a set of computers connected in a few series. The series centers that make up the internet began in 1969 as the ARPANET which was constructed by ARPA (United States Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency). Some of the earliest investigations of business by the ARPANET which are instrumental in the series without a Center (decentralized network), queueing theory, and the means of Exchange packages (packet switching).
In 1981, the National Science Foundation to develop backbone called the CSNET with a capacity of 56 Kbps for each institution in the Government.
On January 1, 1983, ARPANET Protocol switch series of its Center, from NCP to TCP/IP. This was the beginning of the Internet we know today. Then in 1986, the IETF developed a server that serves as an instrument of coordination between ARPANET, DARPA, DDN, and the Internet Gateway. In the 1990 's, the internet has grown and connected many users of computer networks.
i. Years 1991 – present
Business systems in the field of IT first happened when CERN levy paid from its members to cope with its operational costs. In 1992, began to form a community of internet and the introduction of the term World Wide Web (www) by CERN. In 1993, the NSF InterNIC form to provide internet services and data storage directory is concerned as well as the database (by AT&T), service registration (by Network Solution Inc.), and information services (by General Atomics/CERFnet).
In 1994, the growth of the internet drove very quickly and start venturing into various facets of human life and be a part which cannot be separated from the man. In 1995, public companies began to be allowed to purchase network provider in the backbone. This move started the development of information technology, particularly the internet and research — research to develop systems and tools which are more sophisticated.
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