Data processing has been used by humans since time immemorial. Along with the development of science, mankind managed to find the mechanics and electronics of the tool to speed up calculation and data processing. For example, the computer that we find today is an evolution of human inventions.
Currently, computer and other supporters have been included in every aspect of life and work. Computers now have the capability of more than just the usual calculations. An example is a computer system with supermarket tellers are able to read grocery item code or a network of computers and the internet that connects the various parts of the world.
The ABC computer was successfully created in November 1939 by Dr. John v. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry was assisted by. Dr. Atanasoff develops the first digital electronic computer since 1937-1942.
ABC computer is superior to the other calculator at the time because it was able to complete 29 of linear equations simultaneously. The ABC computer was able to get results with calculations faster than any other counter machine. The ABC computer was not equipped with a CPU (Central Processing Unit). ABC computer using only the vacuum tube (vacuum tube) to speed up the process of the calculation.
2. Computer ENIAC
In 1946, Dr. John w. Mauchly with Mr. j. Presper Eckert was the same place of work to develop a machine that could calculate the trajectory for the US Army. The result is a large-scale electronic computer called the ENIAC. ENIAC computer has a speed calculation thousands of times faster than its predecessor. It weighed 30 tons, occupied the room covering an area of 1500 square feet, and has more than 18,000 vacua (vacuum tube). Results on the ENIAC signifies the start of first generation computers.
3. The first generation of Computer
The first generation of computers has been characterized by very conspicuous privileges on the ENIAC, namely vacuum chamber. Until 1950, some of the other computers to use the tube. Each computer providing a meaningful progress in the development of the computer. The development includes binary arithmetic, random access, and the concept of the stored program.
In 1951, The U.S. Bureau of Cencus installing the first commercial computer named Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC I) I. UNIVAC I is developed by Mauchlydan Eckert for the Remington-Rand Corporation.
4. Second generation Computer
The invention of the transistor, the more practical for everyone. To that end, in business data processing, the use of transistors marked the start of the second generation of computers. With the use of the transistor, the computer the more dependable, more performers, and the price is cheaper. Additionally, the computer does not require a storage place that is too large and your computer generates less heat.
The dominant characteristic of the second generation of computers is the use of transistors. In addition, there is no compatibility between different manufacturers, due to the low level programming language.
5. Computer third generation
Some historians consider the most important events in the history of computers happens when IBM 360 computer System launched on April 7, 1964. 360 system belong to the third generation computers. Integrated Circuits (IC) is a new technology of this generation, as does the transistor on a second generation.
Compatibility problems on a second generation computer almost lost on the third-generation computer. However, the third generation is completely different with the second generation. The change is evolutionary, not revolutionary, and caused a massive conversion to thousands of computers.
In mid-1960, nearly so the fact that each installation of computers can develop quickly. An important characteristic of a computer this is the third generation of upward compatibility (compatibility above). That is to say, the company could buy a computer from a vendor, and then if you need to upgrade to a more sophisticated computer, no need to reprogram an existing information system.
Third-generation computers work very fast (at the time) so that it could run one program at a time (multiprogramming).
6. Fourth-generation Computer
Some vendors announced "fourth-generation" computers and some that announced the "fifth-generation" computer. This is merely a market strategy only. Three previous generation distinguished with breakthrough electronic technology is important, i.e. light vacuum, then transistors, and integrated circuits. The fourth generation emerged with the development of the not-so-flashy, just in the form of computers and software are the somewhat advanced course. And perhaps this generation will not be as fortunate as previous generations in terms of the majority of the world market before the next new technology breakthroughs. This is why some people often refer to this generation as the generation of 3½.
a. Microprocessor
One of large numbers of contributions in the appearance of the next-generation computer is the microprocessor. The microprocessor is contained in a single silicon chip. The microprocessor was first demonstrated by Texas Instruments in 1971. It costs just a few dollars and can be found on any of the machines to satellites.
b. The microcomputer or Personal Computer (PC)
Microcomputer processing tool is a small, relatively inexpensive, but high-performing. The microprocessor contained in a computer named microcomputer. Whereas, microcomputer enables usage in small business and personal. The microcomputer is also commonly called a personal computer (PC).
Type a PC is determined by the processor is used. The first processor that is used on a PC 8086 of INTEL is used on the computer type XT (eXtended Technology), then followed with an 8088 processor. Furthermore, the 80286 processor used appears on the PC type AT (Advanced Technology). Performance AT 10 – 15 times faster than the XT and the speed is 5-9 times the speed of a turbo XT. 80386SX processor appears next, 80386DX, 80486SX, 80486DX and. The difference with 80386SX 80386DX only lies in the width of the data bus only.
The name was used because the Pentium series 80568 already worn first by AMD with Series 805 × 86-P75. The difference between the Pentium with Pentium Pro just limited to speed access only. Whereas, on the Pentium MMX, Pentium II, and Pentium III is the addition of a few new instructions useful in terms of multimedia (MMX/ISSE). Pentium Celeron Pentium II also actually, just on a Celeron cache memory amounts are eliminated or reduced. This is done because the price of Pentium II is very expensive and reduction of memory cache can depress the price up by half without sacrificing performance.
Read related article: History of ICT