UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION
Differentiation of words derived from English "Difference" means the difference. In accordance with the language, social Differentiation is a classification society into a group – a particular group based on similarities and differences of these community members. This social differentiation within the grouping to its equally and not give rise to levels, levels. This means that a group is not considered better or higher than other groups. The purpose of social Differentiation is showing that the existence of diversity in an environment of society in a region.The opposite of social differentiation is social stratification. The social stratification of society with a system of categorizing the hierarchy. This means that one group has power or is considered better than other groups.
CHARACTERISTICS of SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION
There are several key features that could serve as a benchmark for social finding. This last is typical of the identity makes a group different from other groups. Here are the traits of social finding in question:1. Physical characteristics
Physical characteristics refer to the identity of someone who can be seen by the sense of sight (eyes). Physical characteristics is derived from birth and will continue to be the hallmark for someone he underwent submarine life. Examples of physical characteristics is the hair color, skin color, eye color, nose shape, posture, races, and more. Well someone's physical characteristics based on grouping in the system of social differentiation does not indicate that one group is better than other groups. For example, white people and black people built have the same position in a community environment.
2. Social Characteristics
Social identity refers to the characteristics of a person based on their function in the life of society. Each person has different roles – different socially, each having duties and responsibilities relating to the profession or job. Grouping people based on their interests or talents in social life does not show that he was better or worse than others. For example, a group of farmers and fishermen, they have the same degree in a social environment. To survive we complement each other, therefore let everyone should mutually respect each other.
3. Cultural Characteristics
Characteristics of culture refers to a group identity based on Customs and habits that have developed from generation to generation within a community environment. Well in accordance with the principle of Social Differentiation, every culture have the same position, there is nothing more excellent or better, they are considered equal.
CLASSIFICATION OF KINDS OF FORMS OF SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION
There are two types of parameters, which provided a benchmark for social differentiation forms divided into two groups, namely:1. Based on the parameters Sociocultural
a. Differentiation Tribes (Tribal Finding)
Ethnic groups also often we refer to an ethnic group is a group of human beings whose members identify with each other based on her lineage are considered equal. Ethnic identity is marked by the recognition from others will be the hallmark of the Group owned such as in common cultural, linguistic, religious, behavioral, and biological traits. Internationally agreed that ethnicity is a fundamental factor in human life, it is a symptom that is contained as a human experience. Uniformity of culture can be widened or narrowed due to the occurrence of cultural mixing between ethnic groups from various regions who settled together as a community group.
Differentiation Of The Clan (The Clan Of Finding)
The unity of kindred unilaterally referred to as clans. The clan is the social unit that is based upon a strong blood ties. Social differentiation in the clan is known for the term Patrilineal and Matrilineal. Kinship is patrilineal people based on the lineage of the father, while the Matrilineal kinship is based on maternal lineage. Traits of a clan are:
- Life partner selection set/set endogamy according to the principle, that the couple must come from within the clan.
- Bonding of kinship based on the relation of blood or ancestral similarities.
- The same working group is timeless.
- The relationship among members is extremely tight.
Differentiation Of Religion (The Religion Of Finding)
1. Religion is a belief and worldview that connects human beings with an order/injunction in life.
2. Religions have symbols and sacred history is intended to explain the origin and meaning of life.
3. Religion has a strong bond with someone because every religion have rules, Holy Scripture, Holy places and that affects the life of the believer.
Differentiation of professions (Profession Finding)
Member of society has a size of knowledge, interests, talent and wealth. This makes the function of someone in the community will be different in accordance with its ability. Therefore it appears a profession or are too often we call work. In the language professions of Greece " promise for fulfilling the liability by doing a task given to him ". A profession usually have a code of ethics, the Association of the profession, as well as the license is specific to the profession.
Differentiation of professions proved that humans as social creatures cannot live on its own. We definitely need someone else in this life. Every profession has its own honor even though their way of working is different, therefore there is no profession that is considered higher than other professions.
Based On Biological Parameters
a. Differentiation of the sexes (Sex Finding)
Gender is a class or a group formed as a result of the use of the process of sexual reproduction to maintaining the continuity of life. Human Sex differentiation of two groups, namely men and women. In living our lives, there are different roles between men and women in society. Usually men role to give living family, while the woman (mother) plays to take care of everything related to the household. But over the life of this functionality has changed, there have been many women who played an important role in giving his loving family, however, essentially based on the concept of social differentiation, classification based on gender is not make someone better than others.
b. differentiation of races (of finding Racial)
Race is a classification system used to classify human beings in a large group based on physical characteristics, geographic origin, look and tribal. The paradigm of race is often used in various disciplines more pressing on the nature of the biological or social invalid constructs a person. The role of the anthropologists and evolutionary scientists identify the term to discuss racial genetic differences (Biological), whereas historians and social scientists have defined the race as a cultural category or social construction, a certain way of people talking about themselves and about others.
c. Differentiation Age (Age of finding)
Age or age is a unit of time to measure the time of our existence as a living thing. During this time many of the assumptions in the community who think that the older a person then the higher position. The understanding is a standing that is incorrect. In the science of social differentiation at this time, we do not perceive about the power of a person, the more we look at the facts the existence of difference in age in various aspects of social life. Well this age difference does not make people younger or older is better or have a higher position in these aspects.