Understanding of forests, Forest types and benefits

Understanding of forests, Forest types, and benefits
The forest is the gift of God that is worth for us to take care of human hands that is Ignorant. The forest is very meaningful for any of the kinds of life on Earth. Inevitably, the meaning of forests brings an infinite or even a million benefits to humans. Moreover, if we retreat behind a little, about the process of the evolution of the Earth becomes green and brought forth the man really is amazing.

How not, humans are created with a set of resources that is able to be utilized for a man to keep his survival and also living beings around. By him that, given the abundant human lucky blessing by God Almighty.

Humans need to utter a profuse gratitude over the gifts to benefit by keeping the forest for the next generation or the next successors and also practiced forest benefits not only for humans but rather provide benefits for other creatures of his life.

There are many ways of addressing the damage to the forest and the methods used. Even when we try to find it on google. Thousands of ordinary writing-thousands of formal information, up to a scientific journal from development researchers also have reached millions to address environmental damage.

The problem is the power and the desire of the man himself who wanted to move quickly looked at the future but ruled out going to other ecosystem-ecosystem requires an understanding of the forest will be a benefit that must be consciously and properly understood by the man himself.

If not, then even the catastrophe will be infected man himself, until the drought where-where, and hunger is rampant, both for humans especially to animals.

Just imagine, a variety of human resource development is loaded will capitalism and tend to exploit the natural resources in the short term bring such great benefits for a region, the country and the world community as well. But the benefits are gone if defined in space and time the long-term benefits are simply false aliases and the long-term nature of the damage.

Let's follow the example of environmental damage or damage to the jungle that occurred in a foreign country, such as China. The world's largest population, China with her progress in growing the economy and other fields and even rode the US developed countries. Such a huge benefit for China to be able to make a superpower such as the United States made the fear with the greatness of mind.

But on the other hand, the progress of China apparently ended some fifty years. China is currently experiencing enormous problems, for example, climate irregularities and pollution everywhere. This is fatal to the survival of the Chinese citizens and countries that are in fact the entire surrounding living things upfront.

Even in some locality in China should use a mask at the time of activity. Not only that, in the continent of America also often occur. The greatest strength of all this is not denied, apparently experienced a problem that is also extremely large. It can be said the advancement of technology, military etc. brings the plagues for America.

Rapid climate changes and even a tornado often occurs everywhere, make various disadvantages local people and also living beings who live in America.

Impacts of environmental damage due to the human behavior itself. The impact, in fact, can not happen if forest and the environment, as appropriate. So for every community needs a human to understand or rightly understanding of forests, environmental, types, and benefits of forests.

The author also considers that this information is not enough means, why?. Because this information is just the basic rhetoric though with an accurate reference. This information is only being the fruit of the lips and runs out on sheets to give answers to your teacher or lecturer, or give to friends.

This information can be very mean if friends can take advantage of this information properly with the practice in the neighborhood of the alias information on forests should be applied in the surrounding environment.

Understanding forest: what is a forest?

Understanding of the forests is a whole ecosystem that consists of a stretch of land in the form of natural resources biodiversity which in general there are trees in the natural environment, the Fellowship of one another that cannot be separated.

The forest is a great gift and God Almighty the mandate conferred to each nation and is a wealth that is controlled by the State. Forests provide abundant benefits for all humanity, because mandatory be grateful, administered, and utilized optimally, and preserved to the large function and aims to the prosperity of the people, for the current generation of as well as well as future generations.

The entire forest is a forest area that is controlled by the State. Mastery of commonly referred to the forest with authorized the Government to:

• Set up and take care of everything in accordance with forest, the area of forests and forest products.
• Sets the status of a specific u.s. forest area or areas of the forest area of the US, not a forest area.
• Set up and define the legal relationships between the forests, as well as organizing the legal deed will forestry.

Forests are further divided according to the status of State forest and also the forest rights. The state forest is a forest located in the land that is not encumbered by rights over the land. While Woods is Woods right on land which is vested with rights over land.

Understanding, Function, Types, Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

Understanding, Function, Types, Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue | Epithelial tissue consists of several kinds of types, functions, features of epithelial tissue. First of all, let's start with Understanding Epitel Tissue.

What Is The Epithelial Tissue?

The epithelial tissue is the tissue that lines the surface of the body, both internal and external surfaces. Epithelial tissue is divided into three namely epithelium, endothelium, and mesothelium. Epithelial tissue is the epithelial tissue that lines the outer surface of the body. The endothelium is a tissue that limits internal organs. While mesothelium is the epithelial tissue that limits the cavity.

Epithelial tissue is unicellular and multicellular arranged compact and has no intercellular space. There are many functions of the epithelial tissue, but the primary function of epithelial tissue is as a protective coating that protects the underlying tissue. The location of epithelial tissue is located along the digestive system which aids in the absorption of nutrients the body needs from the digestive process. secretion of enzymes and hormones and the excretion of byproducts that do not chill like in the kidneys and sweat glands. In the lung region, the epithelial layer helps to spread oxygen in all parts of the body and that of the eyes, nose, and tongue is to increase sensitivity.

The function of Epithelial Tissue  

Apart from the main function, there is also a special function of epithelial tissue based on each location of the epithelial tissue. The special function of epithelial tissue is as follows.

1. For protection, epithelial cells in the skin function to protect the underlying tissue from mechanical tissue, chemicals, bacteria entering and from excessive or excessive water loss.
2. As an Impulse Receiver, special epithelial cells are penetrated from sensory stimuli where epithelial cells have sensory nerve endings located on the ears, skin, tongue, and nose.
3. As an Absorption Tool, epithelial cells that line the small intestine absorb nutrients from the digestion of food.
4. As a Secretion Tool, In the gland, special epithelial tissue to remove certain chemicals such as hormones, lubricants, and enzymes.
5. As a Filtration or Filtration Tool, the ciliated epithelium assists in removing dust and foreign matter particles from the airways.
6. As an Excretory Tool, the epithelial tissue of the kidneys excrete the waste products from the body and absorbs the necessary material from the urine. Sweat is also excreted from the body by epithelial cells in the sweat glands.
7. Reduces Friction, smooth, tightly linked epithelial cells that coat the entire circulatory system reduces friction between blood and blood vessel walls.
8. As a Diffusion Tool, simple epithelium increases the diffusion of gases, liquids, and nutrients. Because they form a thin layer, they are ideal for gas diffusions such as in capillary and lung walls.

Types of Epithelial Tissue and Their Functions 

The epithelial tissue was grouped into two types of constituent cell layers. the epithelial tissue cell constituent network is a single-epithelial epithelial and epithelial tissue.

1. Types of Layer Epithelial Tissue (Simple epithelium)
Flat-layer epithelium, flat epithelial layer serves as a pathway in the exchange of substances from the outside into the body and vice versa. For example, the epithelium is present in the lymph vessels, Browman capsules, peritoneum builders, alveolus, and blood vessels.

Cuboid epithelial layer, The function of cuboid epithelial tissue layer is as a means of secretion and protection. Examples of cuboid epithelial layers are the surface of the ovaries, thyroid gland, kidney nephron channel and retina of the eye.

Epithelial Cylindrical Epithelium, Cylindrical epithelial cells exist that have cilia on their surface areas, such as the oviduct. Examples of epithelial cylindrical coatings are the gallbladder, stomach, upper respiratory tract, and intestinal jot.

Ciliated Trunk Epithelium, Epicentral stem epic is located on the nasal cavity wall. The function of ciliated trunks is as a producer of mucus (mucus) to capture incoming foreign bodies, with the cilia vibrating away the incoming foreign object attached to the mucus. The epithelial ciliated epithelium is located in the trachea.

2. Types of Layered Epithelial Tissue (Stratified epithelium)
Plated epithelial epithelium, epithelial tissue in the vertebrate skin epidermis.
Layered cuboid epithelium, epithelial tissue rarely present in the body. The layered cuboid epithelium is present only in large tracts of several glands. The layered cuboid epithelium is present in the salivary glands, contributing to excretion, mammary glands, and esophageal base.
Layered cylindrical epithelium, epithelial tissue rarely found and consisting of two layers. The function of layered epithelial tissue is to place adsorption, excretion, as a protective movement of substances over the surface and as a channel of excretion of salivary glands and mammary glands. For example, the epithelium of the palpebral conjunctiva.
Transitional epithelial, epithelial tissue that is shapely altered. Transitional epithelium is present in the ureters and kidneys

Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue 

The characteristics and properties of epithelial tissue are as follows.

a. Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

• Can be found all over the body
• Shaped flat, stem and cube
• The shape of the constituent cells varies depending on the function and location
• There is no material between the constituent cells
• In closing and glands
• Composed cell and molecular extracellular in the form of a matrix that is used to bind the tissue with the bottom
• Has a surface unrelated to other tissues, while on the other surface corresponds to the lower membrane.
• Some types of epithelium indicate a specialization that is a network bulge to expand the surface, move foreign particles or for movement

b. Properties of Epithelial Tissue

• Consists of a layer or several layers of cells
• Has regeneration properties (regrowth)
• Generally equipped with microvilli, flagella, and stereocilia.
• The shape of the constituent cells varies depending on the function and its location within the body
• There is lamina basal, lamina basalis is an extracellular structure in the form of a sheet by binding the network under it.

Thus information Definition, Function, Types, Characteristics of Epitel Networks. Hopefully, friends can receive and benefit us all whether it is the epithelial tissue, the function of epithelial tissue, the types of epithelial tissue, and the characteristics of the epithelial tissue.

Cells: Definition, Structure, Function, Part

Cell Definition

Cells are the smallest structural and functional units of living organisms in the organizational level of life. The word cell comes from the Greek word "Cellula" or "cella" which means empty space. The body of the organism consists of the organ system, organ system composed of organs, organs formed by tissues, and tissues formed from cells. The point is that every living thing has a cell that is the basic constituent of their body. Cells organize and process all the information so that it can perform the function of life in living things.

From the definition of the cell above, then the virus (often modified including living things or not) is not included in living things. Why? Because the virus is aseluler that has no cells. Based on the number of cells, living things composed of many cells are called multicellular organisms, while living things composed of a single cell are called unicellular organisms.

Function Cell

As we have explained above that the cell is the regulator and controller of all activities of the body of living things, both conscious and unconscious. This function is run not only by one cell, but a group of cells that make up the network, then the network with the same purpose will form the organ, then some organs form the organ system, and organ systems form living things (organisms). Robert Hooke was the first scientist to observe cells by accident, he observed the oak cell from the oak plant under a microscope and then found empty hollows like a honeycomb, which was then called a cell. In general, the cell function which also becomes the cell theory is as follows:

1. Cells as a functional unit of the body (The theory proposed by Max schultze)
2. Cells as structural units of the body (Theories proposed by Mathias Jacob Schleiden and Theodor Schwaan)
3. Cells as a unit of growth and development of living things (Rudolf Virchow)
4. Cells as a unitary heredity (inheritance of nature) that can degrade its nature to offspring (The theory was introduced by Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri)

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL PARTS

In general, the cell consists of 3 main parts, namely cell membrane, cytoplasm, and the cell nucleus. Cells also have solid components in the cytoplasm called organelles of cells. Organelles - cell organelles have their own functions. Here is an explanation of the Cells.

1. Cell Membrane / Plasma Membrane
A cell membrane is a thin membrane that is the outermost part of the cell, the cell membrane is also often called plasmalemma. The cell membrane is the part that governs the relationship between the components of the cell and the external environment of the cell. Cell membrane consists of lipid (fat) in the form of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates with different compositions depending on the type of cell. As the name implies, phospholipids (fatty compounds) are composed of hydrophilic phosphates (like water) and hydrophobic lipids (fear of water).

Cell membranes are composed of each paired phospholipid (fat) so it is also called lipid bilayer. Proteins belonging to the cell membrane are the protein of the province (peripheral) and intrinsic (integral) proteins. The extrauterine protein (peripheral) is a protein attached to the outer layer of the membrane, whereas the intrinsic protein (integral) is a protein that penetrates the membrane. The bond between the phospholipids and the extrinsic protein will form a membrane called lipoprotein. Cell membranes can have semipermeable properties that are easily passed by various components, can also be selectively permeable which means can only be passed by certain ions only.

Some cell membrane functions include the following:

a. Protect and wrap cell contents.
b. Separate and control the inner cell relationships with outer environments.
c. Regulate the exchange (transport) of substances from within the cell exit or vice versa.
d. Place of a chemical reaction.

2. Cytoplasm (Cell Liquids)
The cytoplasm or cell fluid is the matrix present in the cell membrane other than the cell nucleus (nucleus). The main constituent of the cytoplasm is water that acts as a solvent and the site of chemical reactions. The cytoplasmic matrix is a colloidal (liquid) cytosol (a mixture of two homogeneous substances). The cytoplasmic matrix may change from the gel phase (semisolid) to the sol (liquid) phase. The cytoplasmic matrix has irritability (sensitivity to stimuli) and conductivity (capable of moving or continuing stimulation).

Some cell cytoplasm functions include the following:

a. The site of chemical reactions and metabolism.
b. As a place to maintain the function of cell life.
c. Keeping things inside the cell.
d. Set the transport of substances inside the cell.
e. Energy formation.
f. The place controls the movement of the cell.

These functions are performed by the cell organelles. As we explained earlier that in the cytoplasm there are solid components called cell organelles that have their own specific functions. Cell function is to support the life of the cell.

Some Organel cells include:

a. Mitochondria serve to produce energy.
b. Lysosomes serves to digest in cells.
c. The ribosome, serves as a place of protein synthesis.
d. Endoplasmic Reticulum, serves to Transport various substances in the cell.
e. The Golgi body serves for protein synthesis and associated with the work of ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum.
f. Microtubules, protect and keep the cell shape.
g. Microfilaments, play a role in the process of cell movement.
h. Chloroplast, serves as a site for photosynthesis in plants.
i. Centrosome (Sentriol), as a place of cell division.
j. and others.

3. Cell Core (Nucleus)
The cell nucleus is a part that is generally round or oval and is often located in the center of the cell or on the edge of the cell. The nucleus is the most important part of cell life. The nucleus has a central function as the controlling center of all cell activity. The cell nucleus is protected by a wall resembling a cell membrane. This protective structure is called the core membrane.

There are several parts of the nucleus, namely:

a. Nucleolus (Core Boy)
The nucleolus is a round structure composed of filaments and component granules. The core child contains RNA, DNA and several proteins that function in ribosome assembly.

In general, the function of the nucleus (cell nucleus) is as follows:

a.1. As a regulator and control center of all cell activities.
a.2. The storage of genetic information for the organism.
a.3. Start and end an action performed by the cell.
a.4. The place of occurrence of a part of the process of cell division.


b. Nucleoplasm (Core Liquid)
Nucleoplasm is a thick liquid resembling jelly containing proteins, ions, enzymes and other components. Nucleoplasms have complex structures and functions because of their many components.

c. Chromatin
Chromatin is a string of fine yarns found in the cell nucleus. Chromatin contains DNA, the substance that stores all the genetic information of a living thing. When the cell division occurs, chromatin will shorten, thicken, and circle to form a chromosome.

Standard Deviation - Definition and Function (Full article)

In statistics, the standard deviation is a measure used to measure the amount of variation or distribution of a certain amount of data values.

The lower the standard deviation, the closer to the average, whereas if the standard deviation value is higher then the width of the range of data variations. So the standard deviation is a big difference from the sample value to the average.

Standard deviation is also called standard deviation and symbolized by the Greek alphabet sigma σ or Latin letter s.

The standard deviation also expresses sample diversity and can be used to obtain data from a population. For example, when we want to know the value obtained by students in a district with a population of 50,000 students, then sampled 5,000 people. From the results of research, samples obtained data with a certain standard deviation. The larger the standard deviation, the greater the sample diversity.

5 Standard Deviation Function

Standard deviation is a measure used to measure the amount of variation or distribution of a set of data values. The low standard deviation indicates that the data points tend to be close to the mean, whereas the high standard deviation indicates that the data points are spread over a wider range of values. Standard deviation is also called standard deviation and symbolized by the Greek alphabet sigma (σ) or Latin letter s. Here are some standard deviation functions. Immediately we see the first:

1. To know the difference between the sample value to the average.
2. To express the sample diversity.
3. To help get data from a population.
4. Measures the level of confidence in statistical inference.
5. To measure the volatility of investment with standard deviation return on investment.

Characteristics of Hexapoda (Insects)

Characteristics of Hexapoda (Insects) - Hexapoda is often referred to as insects that have 6 feet.

The word Hexapoda itself comes from the Greek word meaning "6 feet," therefore all members of Hexapoda subfilum have three pairs of legs / 6 pieces.

This is what makes Hexapoda very different from other arthropod groups that have more than 6 legs.

Arthropoda is an animal that has a body of segmented, framed exoskeleton outside and with a relatively symmetrical shape. This primitive species of insect has legs on every part of its body.

Insecta class or insect has 6 legs attached to the chest has a body consisting of three parts, namely the head, chest or thorax and the abdomen or abdomen.

At the head of the insect, there will be a pair of eyes in the form of compound eyes, a pair of tactile and 3 pairs of mouth.

This insect has several types of mouth types, namely the type of mouth bite/cockroach, the type of mouth bite and the licker on the bee, the type of sucking mouth in butterflies and the type of piercing in mosquitoes. Types of respiratory equipment possessed by insects in the form of trachea and excretion tool in the form of Malpighi body.

The reproduction of insects takes place in a sexual manner with the result of an egg marriage and gradually transforms into an imago.

During the life cycle of the insect undergoes a change of form called the metamorphosis, ie by doing the exfoliation of the skin commonly called ecdysis.

There are two kinds of metamorphosis, ie imperfect metamorphosis or hemimetabolous and perfect metamorphosis or holometabola.

1. Perfect Metamorphosis
perfect morphosis is a metamorphosis that occurs with the developmental stage begins with the egg - larva - pupa - imago. Examples of species with perfect metamorphosis are butterflies and flies.

2. Imperfect Metamorphosis

Imperfect metamorphosis is a metamorphosis that occurs when one of the developmental stages does not take place. Examples of species with imperfect morphoses are crickets, cockroaches, and dragonflies.

Classification of Hexapoda

Order of the Protura

1. Protura is a small whitish Hexapoda with a length of 0.6 - 1.5 mm.
2. Its head is somewhat of a conical shape and has neither eyes nor antenna.
3. The parts of the mouth do not bite but are used to gnaw the food particles which are then mixed with saliva and then sucked into the mouth.
4. The first limb pair functions as sensory and is located in a raised position like an antenna.
5. There is a stile on the first three sections of the abdomen.
6. After hatching from the egg, the Protura abdomen consists of 9 In every 3 subsequent shifts the sections are added to the anterior portion of the tip/telson, so the adult abdomen has 12 segments.
7. These hexapods have habitats in moist soil/ground flowers, live on leaf fungi, at the bottom of the bark and also on deep logs.
8. Type of this type of hexapod food is a decaying organic material and also spores-spores mushrooms.
9. The family of Protura class is Eosentomidae and Protentomidae.

Order of Collembola

1. Another name collembola is a springtail derived from a branching structure/formula that rotates this small hexapode through the air.
2. This animal will make a jump when mating activity.
3. The mouthpiece of the Collembola is rather long and is hidden in the head.
4. Type of food Collembola, in general, is the plants, in addition, there are also omnivorous, and a liquid eater with a mouth shaped like a stilet.
5. This Hexapoda has an emblem like a tube called Collofor which functions in water retrieval.
6. The size of the insects of this spring is very small that is 0.25 - 6 mm.
7. Habitat Collembola in a hidden place like in the ground, in the ruins of leaves or bark, and on the rotting wood and on the fungus.
8. Most ground-dwelling springs feed on decaying vegetation, fungi, and bacteria, while other types of spikes are eating arthropod feces, pollen, algae and other materials.
9. Some types of springtails can sometimes cause damage to gardens and greenhouses.
10. Some families of Collembola or springtails are Entomobryidae, Isotomidae, Hypogastruridae, and Sminthuridae.

Order Diplura

1. The diploma looks like a silver insect and a brittle tail, but this diplomatic order does not have a median tail filament and has only two tail filaments.
2. The body of the diplura is usually not covered with scales and has no compound eyes or single eyes.
3. There are still on the segments of the abdomen 1 - 7.
4. The length of the hexapods is less than 7 mm.
5. The habitat of diplura is in places that are moist in the soil, at the bottom of bark, rocks, caves and other humid places.
6. Some families are often found that Campodeidae, Anajapygidae, and Japygidae.

9 Water Benefits for Human Life and Its Surroundings

9 Water Benefits for Human Life and Its Surroundings
We all know that water is one of the most important elements on Earth. It has been mentioned before that water is always inseparable from everyday human life. Humans and even other living things cannot live without water. Water can be used even needed to maintain the survival of living things.

The most important function possessed by water to maintain the survival of a creature is as a filler of fluid in the body. That is why living things drink water. Even living things cannot stand without drinking in just a few days. Besides being used for drinking, water can also be used for other purposes. If we talk about the usefulness of this water then there will be no end. This is because water is very necessary and very important on Earth.

This time we will discuss the usefulness of water, especially for human life that is in daily activities. The various benefits of water that we can feel in daily activities include benefits for human life:

1. Meet the needs of fluids in the body
One of the bodies we must guard and maintain is that the body should not run out of the liquid. The bodies of living beings, not only humans but also animals and plants also need fluids. If the body does not have any fluids at all then the body will be dehydrated, weakness, fainting or even death. That's why the body desperately needs this fluid. so far we are meeting the daily fluid needs through drinking water.

Well, from here then we know that liquid suppliers in the body are from the water. Water consumed by the community can be either white or colored water. All types of water can act as fluids in the body. Because water can also increase our mind concentration power. Conversely, if we lack fluid (call it lack of drinking), then we will be very easy not to focus on thinking something. Often we are dispersed and our concentration also decreases.

So that's not to our lack of drinking fluids that will affect the decrease in our concentration. the loss of concentration levels will be the cause of many problems that could disrupt other lives. So from that need drink enough water every day, ie at least 8 glasses per day.

2. Refreshing the body
The second water function is also not far from the health of the body. That water will make our bodies become more fresh and fit. When our bodies lack fluid, then what we will feel is the body becomes weak and tired. So from that, the presence of water that will occupy the position of fluid in this body will make our body fit again. In addition, the water also has a cool and refreshing nature. So that we will be able to feel our fresh chart because it has fulfilled its water requirement.

The type of water that is best to be consumed as drinking water is water. Whitewater (natural water from mountain water sources) is a very good water because it is rich in minerals. In addition to drinking water rich in healthy minerals, water is also actually the most refreshing water, even compared with ice water. Although mineral-rich water is very good for the body, it is better if the water content is not only minerals but also other important substances.

Over time, people can produce drinks rich in vitamins and minerals so they can be used to meet the substances needed by humans. However, if consumed regularly and long term, it will be better to keep water.

3. Helping homework every day
The other water function is to help with homework every day. We can not imagine if there is no water in everyday life. Maybe just a few days our lives will be very troublesome. Water has the required functions and also many functions. If seen in the life of the house, it will be taken an example of cleanliness.

Just imagine there is no water that accompanies us, so how are we going to clean the utensils? And we really need clean cutlery to use. Hence the existence of water is indispensable, both outside the home and in the home. Therefore we as human beings must be able to preserve the water that has been given to us. We can start by preserving the various sources of water that are around us.

In addition, we also cannot or is not allowed to throw garbage carelessly. This is because littering will make the environment dirty and polluted which will ultimately affect the quality of water we use. If we use clean water then we will also live healthy.

4. Cleaning the body
Besides being used for cleaning household furniture, water can also be used to clean the body. The cleanliness of the furniture and the environment around the city house is very important and needs to get special attention. If so, the cleanliness of the limbs is also very important.

This is because the body is part of us. If the cleanliness of the body is not well maintained, then this will cause our physical health will be disrupted. As a result, we will more easily experience the illness that will endanger our lives. That's why we have to diligently bathe with clean water will our bodies clean and avoid the attack of various viruses disease. For normal size, a bath is done as much as 2 times a day, ie morning and also afternoon. This will be better if used for bathing is a new water or water that can remove dirt without having to leave traces of other impurities.

5. Maintain a healthy body
In addition to cleansing the body or household equipment, water can also be useful as a body health guard. However, water can also maintain health conditions in the human body. So from that water is very useful for maintaining a healthy body. We can compare between people who simply consuming water every day with people who are less in consuming water.

From there we can see for ourselves, even from the outside view where people who consume enough water will look healthier and fitter than people who rarely consume water. People who drink less will also look paler than people who drink enough water. Also with a lot of water consumption then our bodies will be more resistant to the virus so that the disease is whacking us became easy to lose.

6. Maintain environmental sustainability
In addition to the benefit of human life that is internal, water also has external benefits. One example is to preserve the environment around humans. For example, with enough water, there will be many trees that thrive around the house. Thus the air around our house becomes cool and protected from air pollution.

In addition, with the water then the rivers will be filled with water so it will look beautiful and cool the eyes. The beautiful surroundings will also add peace of mind to the people who live around them. That's why we must always make sure that the environment around us is a beautiful environment with trees that thrive. Because trees are one of the things that can save Earth's life and its contents in the future from global warming.

7. Help the success of farming
It has been said that water is very useful for trees to grow fertile. And it turns out not only the trees but all types of plants can flourish thanks to water. Indonesian people mostly work as farmers or in the plantation sector. That's why their economic life is sustained by the success of farming. And in this case, the role of water will be needed. Water becomes a basic necessity for farmers because in the absence of water the farmers will never be able to successfully grow crops.

Plants planted in rice fields and fields are dependent on water. If there is no water then the plants will not last long and will eventually die. If the plant dies then farmers will lose big. Therefore farmers are willing to buy water or water pump which is then channeled into the river in order to irrigate the fields or fields. Thus we know that the role of water is very important for farmers.

8. Smooth the economy of society
Water is also beneficial to be able to launch the economy of the community. As explained earlier that most of the Indonesian population has a job as a cultivator of land in the field of planting plots. Hence the economy of Indonesian society is supported by the availability of water. And it turns out not only for the tenants only but also other professions. Other jobs that require water such as in the field of industrial production and processing. In factories that use large engines, water works well to cool the engine after use. So from that, if there is no water will be very inconvenient at all.

9. Maintain skin beauty
Water other than preventing human health can also maintain skin beauty. A healthy skin is a skin that has enough moisture. The moisture present in the skin can be obtained from consuming enough water. Therefore, to maintain the beauty of our skin is encouraged to consume lots of water. We can also compare between people who consume less water with enough water to consume from the state of his skin. Surely people who consume lots of water will look fresher and skin smoother than people who consume less water.

Those are some of the benefits or advantages of water that we can feel in our daily lives. Because this water is very beneficial then we must always keep our bodies still sufficient in receiving water every day. This is what will keep us healthy and fit. But also need to be paid attention, for water that is especially consumed (drink) hence must be clean and healthy water. Water for consumption should be cleaner than water used for washing, and so on.

Main Function of Apical Meristem

The Main Function of the Apical Meristem - The apical meristem is the tip of the plant, and is an undifferentiated meristematic tissue located at the tip of the bud and or at the root of the plant. The main function of the apical meristem is to initiate the growth of new cells at the tip of the shoot and root tip of the plant. Compared to lateral meristems that are more cylindrical, smaller apical meristems.

The apical meristem consists of several layers, the number of layers depending on the type of plant. The tunica layer is the outermost layer and the innermost layer is called the corpus. The monocotyl tunica determines the physical characteristics of the margins and leaf edges, whereas the corpus layer can distinguish the leaf margin characteristics of dikotil plants. Tunica and the corpus play a major role in the physical appearance of plants as every single plant cell is formed from meristems.

Location of Apical Meristem

The apical meristem is located in two locations, namely on the stem and root. Although there are some northern polar plants that have apical meristems in the middle or bottom of plants, such meristems only evolve because they are favorable under certain Arctic conditions.

There are two main types of apical meristems, namely: apical meristem shoot and root apical meristem.

Main Function of Apical Meristem

Apical meristem Is a network that is located at the tip of the root and the end of the stem that serves to form and produce apical buds and apical buds will form new tissues such as roots, branches, and leaves.

The cells found in the apical meristem function as stem cells in the peripheral and surrounding areas, where they multiply rapidly and will turn into primordial leaves or differentiating flowers. This is essentially a place where embryogenesis in flowering plants takes place. Primordial petals, sepals, leaves are ovaries and stamens begin at this site at level one in each time interval, known as plastochron. Information about meristem identity genes.

The apical meristem of the roots produces cells in two different dimensions; They are covered by a root cap for protection against pathogens, grime, and stones. A stationary center lies at the center of the root apical meristem that has low mitotic activity. Newly formed cells in this region are formed in primary root embryos which will give rise to secondary roots.

The Characteristics of Zygomycota

The characteristics of Zygomycota - Zygomycetes is a relatively small group in the mushroom kingdom and belongs to the Zygomycota Phylum.

Zygomycetes include mushroom bread, Rhizopus stolonifer, which rapidly propagates on the surface of bread, fruits, and vegetables. They are mostly terrestrial in their habitats, living on the ground or in plants and animals.

Most species of saprophyte mean they live from decomposing organic matter. Some are parasites in plants, insects, and small animals, while others form a symbiotic relationship with plants.

Zygomycetes play a considerable commercial role. Another species Rhizopus metabolic product is an intermediate in the synthesis of semi-synthetic steroid hormones.

The characteristics of Zygomycota

Zygomycota has the following characteristics:

• The hyphae are not insulated and coenocytic (has several cores).
• Cell walls are composed of chitin.
• Asexual and sexual reproduction.
• Hyphae serve to absorb food, called rhizoid. Example: Rhizopus stoloniferous.

Zygomycota has a coenocytic hifa talus in which the nucleus is haploid when the organism is in a vegetative stage. Fungi usually reproduce asexually by producing sporangiospores. Black tips mushroom bread, Rhizopus stolonifer, is a swollen sporangium packed with black spores. When the spores attach to a suitable substrate, they germinate and produce a new mycelium.

Sexual reproduction begins when conditions become unfavorable. Two opposing mating strains (type + and type -) must be near to gametangia (single: gametangium) of hyphae to be produced and fused, leading to karyogamy.

Developed diploid zygospores have thick coats that protect them from drying and other hazards. They may remain dormant until the environmental conditions become good.

When the zygospore germinates, it undergoes meiosis and produces haploid spores, which will, in turn, grow into new organisms. The form of sexual reproduction in the fungus is called a conjugate (though distinctly different from the conjugation in bacteria and protists), giving rise to the name "conjugated fungus".

Summary

• Most Zygomycota is saprophytes, while some are species of parasites.
• Usually, Zygomycota reproduces asexually by producing sporangiospores.
• Zygomycota reproduces sexually when environmental conditions become unfavorable.
• To reproduce sexually, two opposing mating strains must be fusing or conjugated, thus, sharing the genetic content and creating zygospores.
• The resulting diploid zygospores remain active and protected by a thick coat until environmental conditions have improved.
• When the condition becomes good, zygospore undergoes meiosis producing haploid spores, which will eventually grow into new organisms.
• Karyogamy is a fusion of two nuclei in the cell.
• Conjugation is a temporary fusion of organisms, especially as part of sexual reproduction.
• Zygospores are spores formed by a combination of several zoospores.
• Zygomycetes is an organism of the phylum Zygomycota.

Kingdom Plantae (Plants): Definition, Characteristics, Classification

THE DEFENSE OF KINGDOM PLANTAE

Kingdom Plantae or the Plant Kingdom is one of the multicellular eukaryotic organisms that have cell walls and chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a green leafy substance that plays a role in the process of photosynthesis so that plants are able to make their own food. The process of photosynthesis can occur with the help of Sunlight. Because plants are able to make their own food, plants are grouped into autotrophic organisms.

Characteristics - KINGDOM PLANTAE

1. Has a Chlorophyll that plays a role in the process of photosynthesis
2. An autotroph (Able to make his own food)
3. It has cell walls composed of cellulose
4. Multicellular Eukaryotic Organisms
5. Store food reserves in the form of starch (starch)
6. Have a hereditary turn in the life cycle.

Kingdom Plantae (Plants): Definition, Characteristics, Classification

CLASSIFICATION OF KINGDOM PLANTAE

The classification of plants is necessary because in this classification we can distinguish plant species from one another. The classification of kingdom Plantae will be discussed below.

Bryophyta Division (Moss Plant)

1. Moss can be found in moist places such as walls, soil, weathered rocks, and bark.
2. Moss likes a humid place because the moss needs water to fertilize. The absence of water causes male sex cells to be unable to fertilize female genital cells.
3. Moss has no phloem and Xylem that serves as a transport vessel. Because moss likes a humid place because there is enough water content.
4. Moss has a root called rhizoid. Rhizoid serves to absorb water and minerals as well as attachment tools.
5. Moss plants are divided into 3 namely Hepaticopsida Class (Lichen Hati), Class Anthocerotopsida (Horn Mosquito) and Class Bryopsida (Leaf Moss).

Pteridophyta Division (Nail Plants / Ferns)

1. Nail plants already have true roots, stems, and leaves. The arrangement of plant leaves spikes like fleece nails.
2. Has a vessel Xylem and phloem.
3. It can live anywhere, especially humid areas such as water, rock surfaces, soil, tropical rainforest and tree bark.
4. It has varied shapes such as sheets, shrubs or deer horns
5. Consisting of 4 classes namely Class Psilopsida (Ancient Nail), Class Lycopsida (Wire Nail), Sphenopsids (Horsetail) and Pteriopsida (True Nail).

Division of Spermatophyta (Seed Plants)

1. High Plants of Kingdom Plantae
2. It has true roots, stems, and leaves and has varying heights and shapes.
3. Produce the seeds as a breeding tool. Reproduction through pollination and fertilization
4. It has a terrestrial habitat and partially in lotus water samples.
5. The spermatophyte division is subdivided into two subdivisions, namely the Gymnospermae subdivision (Open seed plant) and the angiosperms subdivision (covered seed plant).

a. Gymnospermae subdivision (Open seed plant)

a.1. Does not have a seed wrapper. The seeds are open and present on the surface of the fruit leaf
a.2. Consists of woody plants and rooted riding and has a variety of shapes
a.3. Having female and male genitals on one tree but with a separate location.
a.4. Some have different male and female genitals of trees.
a.5. Divided into 4 classes namely Class Cycadinae, class Ginkgoinae, class Coniferae and class Gnetinae.

b. Subdivision of Angiospermae (Closed Seed Plant)

b.1. Seeds are covered by fruit. Plants can be large trees, shrubs, vines and non-woody plants.
b.2. Generally, have flat and wide leaves with varying shapes.
b.3. The reproduction system is a flower that consists of perfect flower and imperfect.
b.4. The perfect flower has male and female genitals while the flower is not perfect only has one or both.
b.5. Reproduction takes place by pollination and fertilization.
b.6. Angiospermae is divided into 2 classes namely Monocotyledons Class (One Piece Beans) and Class Dycotyledone (Shat Two).

b.6.1, Monocotyledons Class (One Piece)

1. Consisting of fibrous roots that are generally not as solid as a taproot root.
2. It has a wide and unbranched stem
3. It has no cambium so it cannot grow bigger
4. Generally, leaves have bones that are parallel or curved
5. The interest has a three-part number
6. Monocots are divided into five orders, namely the Order of Gramineae (Grasses), the Palmae order (palm-pale man), the Order of Zingiberaceae (ginger-ahead), the Order of Bromeliaceae (Pineapple) and Orchidaceae (Orchid).

b.6.2. Dycotyledone Class (Tipped Two)

1. Has solid riding roots.
2. It has cambium so it can grow big.
3. It has a branch that has branches, books, and segments that are not clear
4. Has single or compound leaf and leaf bone or pinnate
5. The interest of dicotyl amounted to a multiple of 2, 4 or 5.
6. Dicotyl plants consist of several orders such as Order of Euphorbiaceae (Gum-sap), Leguminoceae (pod), Solanaceae (Eggplant), Rutaceae (Orange), Malvaceae (Cotton), Myrtaceae (guava) and Compositae.

MOM & FATHER - DIFFERENT but SAME & SIMILAR but NOT SAME

DIFFERENT but SAME & SIMILAR but NOT SAME

The One Who Loves Us until he Closes Eyes is ... MOM

The Person Who Loves Us with No Eye Expression is ... FATHER ____________

MOM: Introducing Us to the World.
FATHER: Introducing the World to Us.
____________

MOTHER: Bringing Us to Life.
FATHER: Bringing Life to Us.
____________

MOTHER: Keeping us from Hungry.
FATHER: Makes We know the meaning of Hungry.
____________

MOM: Giving Us Love.
FATHER: Gives Us Responsibility.
____________

MOTHER: Teach Us Not to Fall.
FATHER: Teaches We Wake when Falling.
____________

MOM: Teach Us Walk.
FATHER: Teaches us the Way of Life.
____________

MOTHER: Teaches us through her experience.
FATHER: Teaches You to gain Experience.
____________

MOTHER: Introducing Ideology.
FATHER: Introducing Reality.
____________

MOTHER LOVE IS GENERATED BECAUSE We are Born.
LOVE FATHER Known When He's Alone.
____________

Love your FATHER.
Love your mother.
As long as they are still there
____________


Read more: Mentoring and Counseling

The House Will not Be Serious Without Child's Presence, but ...
Home will be more Silent when Mother & Father was gone ...

this is just a Joint Reflection for Us as a Child and as a MOM & FATHER for Our Children ...

As a Family, we have to ...
Remind each other,
Love each other even
Mutual forgiveness.

We can not choose to be born in this Family or in that Family.
Everything is in His Design and We know that God's Design is Always Great,
Stay how our Choice ...
Choose from...
Be Thankful & Happy or
Grieving & Not Gratifying So Never Be Happy.

F ATHER 

A ND 

M OTHER 

I.

L OVE 

Y OU

10 Types of DSLR / Mirrorless Lens That Should you Know

10 Types of DSLR / Mirrorless Lenses
When I was a layman, I still do not understand what the lens function on the DSLR / mirrorless? Why changeable? And most importantly, why is the price so expensive even far beyond the price of the camera itself? After I was deep enough photography, I finally understand all these things. In fact, I consider the lens is the most important part of the camera and determine whether or not a good image.

There are many types of lenses that vary in terms of focal length and there are certain features such as the macro lens and tilt-shift. Here are 10 different types of lenses DSLR / mirrorless. I'm sorry, most of the lenses in the illustrations are the Canon brand because that's all I know. Immediately we see the first:

1. Lens Fix

        Fixed 50mm f / 1.8 lens (Wikimedia)      The results of his photograph (sample-image.com)

A fixed lens is a lens that has a focal length that can not be changed. The advantages of the lens fix compared to the zoom lens is a larger lens opening so that the image is brighter and bokeh effect is more stable. The fixed lens is suitable for street photography and portrait photography. Focal length range of fix lens on the market ranging from 14mm to 200mm. There are actually up to 800mm, but I put it into a telephoto lens. Although there are many variants, the focal length commonly used for shooting is usually 24, 35, 50, and 85mm.

2. Wide-Angle Zoom Lens

              Canon EF 11-24mm f / 4L USM                        lens Photograph results

The wide-angle zoom lens is a zoom lens that has a focal length of 10 to 24mm. These lenses are commonly used for landscape photography and architecture photography because of the wider lens point of view so more objects can fit into the photo.

3. Standard Zoom Lens

                       Canon EF-S lens 18-55mm f3.5-5,6 IS STM and photograph results

The standard zoom lens is commonly called lens kit because it is generally included in the camera sales package. Often also called "multi-talent lens" because it has a focal length from the width (18mm) to telephoto (200mm). So it is ideal for beginners due to its flexibility. There is a drawback of this lens, which is expensive (especially the lens "sapujagat") and small aperture (starting from f / 3.5.If zoom is even narrower until f / 5.6) so the images tend to be darker and bokeh less than the maximum.

4. Telephoto Zoom Lens

Canon EF 200-400m f / 4L lens IS USM Extender 1.4x

A telephoto zoom lens is a zoom-enabled lens with a focal length of 100mm to 400mm. This lens is suitable for wildlife photography and sports photography. Generally, the price of this lens is expensive, some even reach hundreds of millions of Rupiah.

5. Telephoto Lens

Canon EF 800mm f/5,6L IS USM

The telephoto lens is a fixed lens with focal length above 200mm. Its trademark is its size is very large to be more like a cannon (English: canon). The price is also very expensive ranging from tens to hundreds of millions of Rupiah. This lens is used for wildlife photography and sports photography.

6. Macro Lens

Canon EF 100mm f/2,8L Macro IS USM

A macro lens is a lens with the ability to focus on objects closer than other lenses, making it suitable for photographing small objects such as insects and plant parts. There is a special genre that matches this lens is macro photography.

7. Tilt-Shift lens

Canon TS-E 24mm f/3,5L II

Example of tilt shift lens before (left) and after (right)

The tilt-shift lens is a tiltable and tiltable lens. The ability to make the lens can create different perspectives, for example straightening the perspective of the building and create effects toy camera. These lenses are suitable for architectural photography or create unique effects.

8. Fish-Eye Lens

Lens Canon EF 8-15mm f / 4L Fisheye USM

Fish-eye lens is a lens with high distortion because the focal length is very short, ie below 10mm, making it super ultra wide. You may like it or hate it because the price is quite expensive and has a high distortion. But for the users of fish-eye lenses, the distortion is precisely sought after the results of the image becomes unique.

9. Lens Extender / Teleconverter

Canon lens extender EF 1.4x

The teleconverter lens is the lens used to extend the lens focal, making it easier to photograph distant objects. But there are drawbacks, namely decreased photo sharpness. Usually capable of extending focal from 1.4x and 2x. Suppose we put a 200mm lens on a 2x teleconverter, then the final focal length is 200 x 2 = 400mm.

10. Lens Adapters
This lens is used to install the lens of other vendors. For example Sony lenses to Canon cameras. Or the EF lens (for Canon DSLR) is paired with the EOS M (Canon's mirrorless camera).